Tlhaloso e qaqileng ea mohaho o moholo oa truss1

Mehaho ea tšepe ke tharollo e theko e boima ka ho fetisisa le e fapaneng bakeng sa likhoebo tse indastering eohle. Ha re ntse re sebelisa meaho ea meaho ea tšepe joalo ka matlo a polokelo ea sebopeho sa tšepe le meaho ea foreimi ea tšepe, re boetse re hloka ho utloisisa hore na ke lintlha life tse amang thepa ea sebopeho sa tšepe.

1. Sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale

• Khabone:karolo e kgolo ya matla a tshepe. Khatelo-pele ea lik'habone, tsoelo-pele ea matla a tšepe, empa hammoho le polasetiki ea tšepe, ho hanyetsa, ts'ebetso e batang ea ho khumama, weldability le ho hanyetsa mafome le mafome li ka fokotsoa, ​​​​haholo-holo ka mocheso o tlase tlas'a tšusumetso ea ho hanyetsa le tsona li tla fokotseha.
• Manganese le silicon:Lintho tse ntle ka tšepe, ke li-deoxidizers, li ka ntlafatsa matla, empa eseng polasetiki e ngata haholo le ho hanyetsa tšusumetso.
• Vanadium, niobium, titanium:alloying elements ka tšepe, ka bobeli ho ntlafatsa matla a tšepe, empa hape le ho boloka polasetiki e ikhethang, ho hanyetsa.
• Aluminium:deoxidizer e matla, e nang le aluminiamo ho etsa phepelo ea deoxidation, e ka fokotsa ho feta li-oxide tse kotsi ka tšepe.
• Chromium le nickel:alloying elements ho ntlafatsa matla a tšepe.
• Sebabole le phosphorus:litšila tse setseng ka tšepe nakong ea boikoetliso, likarolo tse kotsi. Ba fokotsa polasetiki, ho hanyetsa, weldability le mokhathala matla a tšepe. Sebabole se ka etsa tšepe "hot brittle", phosphorus e etsa hore tšepe e "bata brittle".
• "Hot brittle":sebabole ka hlahisa bonolo ho qhibiliha sulfide tšepe, ha mosebetsi o chesang le tjheseletsa ho etsa mocheso ho fihlela ho 800 ~ 1000 ℃, e le hore tšepe hlahisa mapetsong, ponahalo brittle.
• "Cold brittle":ka mocheso o tlase, phosphorus e etsa hore ts'oaetso ea ts'epe e fokotsehe haholo ka ketsahalo ena.
• Oksijene le naetrojene:litšila tse kotsi ka tšepe. Oksijene e ka etsa hore tšepe e chese e brittle, naetrojene e ka etsa hore tšepe e batang e be thata.

2. Tšusumetso ea mefokolo ea metallurgical

Litšitiso tse tloaelehileng tsa metallurgical li kenyelletsa karohano, motsoako o se nang tšepe, porosity, mapetsong, delamination, joalo-joalo, kaofela ha tsona li senya mosebetsi oa tšepe.

3. Ho thatafatsa tšepe

Ho taka ho batang, ho kobeha ho batang, ho otla, ho kuta ka mechine le mosebetsi o mong o batang e le hore tšepe e be le deformation e kholo ea polasetiki, ebe e ntlafatsa ntlha ea lihlahisoa tsa tšepe, hammoho le ho fokotseha ha polasetiki le ho hanyetsa tšepe, ketsahalo ena e tsejoa e le. ho thatafatsa mohatsela kapa ho thatafatsa mokgoa.

4, phello ea mocheso

Tšepe e na le kutloelo-bohloko e loketseng mocheso, 'me ka bobeli lia eketseha le ho fokotseha mocheso li baka liphetoho tšebetsong ea tšepe. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, mosebetsi o tlaase oa mocheso oa tšepe o bohlokoa haholo.

Ka tekanyo e ntle ea mocheso, mokhoa o tloaelehileng ke ho latela ho phahama ha mocheso, matla a tšepe a fokotseha, deformation e eketseha. Hoo e ka bang 200 ℃ ka hare ho ts'ebetso ea tšepe ha e fetohe haholo, 430 ~ 540 ℃ pakeng tsa matla (matla a lihlahisoa le matla a tsitsitseng) ho fokotseha ho matla; ho 600 ℃ ha matla a le tlase haholo a ke ke a jara mojaro.

Ho feta moo, 250 ℃ haufi le ketsahalo e putsoa ea brittle, e ka bang 260 ~ 320 ℃ ha ho e-na le ketsahalo ea creep.